Flag Description

two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; the colors are those of the ruling House of Grimaldi and have been in use since 1339, making the flag one of the world's oldest national banners

Background:The Genoese built a fortress on the site of present day Monaco in 1215. The current ruling GRIMALDI family first seized temporary control in 1297, and again in 1331, but were not able to permanently secure their holding until 1419. Economic development was spurred in the late 19th century with a railroad linkup to France and the opening of a casino. Since then, the principality's mild climate, splendid scenery, and gambling facilities have made Monaco world famous as a tourist and recreation center.

Total Area: 2 sq km

Land Area:2 sq km

Water Area:0 sq km

Land Boundries Total:6 km

Border Countries:France 6 km

Coastline:4.1 km

Lowest Point:Mediterranean Sea 0 m

Highest Point:Mont Agel 140 m

Population:30508

Population Growth Rate:0.06% (2014 est.)

Religion:Roman Catholic 90% (official), other 10%

Literacy(%):0.99

Literacy(%) Male:0.99

Literacy(%) Female:99% (2003 est.)

Independence Day:1419 (beginning of permanent rule by the House of GRIMALDI)

National Holiday:National Day (Saint Rainier's Day), 19 November (1857)

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