Flag Description

three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and red; Mexico's coat of arms (an eagle with a snake in its beak perched on a cactus) is centered in the white band; green signifies hope, joy, and love; white represents peace and honesty; red stands for hardiness, bravery, strength, and valor; the coat of arms is derived from a legend that the wandering Aztec people were to settle at a location where they would see an eagle on a cactus eating a snake; the city they founded, Tenochtitlan, is now Mexico City

Background:The site of several advanced Amerindian civilizations - including the Olmec, Toltec, Teotihuacan, Zapotec, Maya, and Aztec - Mexico was conquered and colonized by Spain in the early 16th century. Administered as the Viceroyalty of New Spain for three centuries, it achieved its independence early in the 19th century. The global financial crisis beginning in late 2008 caused a massive economic downturn the following year, although growth returned quickly in 2010. Ongoing economic and social concerns include low real wages, underemployment for a large segment of the population, inequitable income distribution, and few advancement opportunities for the largely indigenous population in the impoverished southern states. The elections held in 2000 marked the first time since the 1910 Mexican Revolution that an opposition candidate - Vicente FOX of the National Action Party (PAN) - defeated the party in government, the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). He was succeeded in 2006 by another PAN candidate Felipe CALDERON, but Enrique PENA NIETO regained the presidency for the PRI in 2012. Since 2007, Mexico's powerful drug-trafficking organizations have engaged in bloody feuding, resulting in tens of thousands of drug-related homicides.

Total Area: 1,964,375 sq km

Land Area:1,943,945 sq km

Water Area:20,430 sq km

Land Boundries Total:4,389 km

Border Countries:Belize 276 km, Guatemala 958 km, US 3,155 km

Coastline:9,330 km

Lowest Point:Laguna Salada -10 m

Highest Point:Volcan Pico de Orizaba 5,700 m

Population:120,286,655 (July 2014 est.)

Population Growth Rate:1.21% (2014 est.)

Religion:Roman Catholic 82.7%, Pentecostal 1.6%, Jehovah's Witnesses 1.4%, other Evangelical Churches 5%, other 1.9%, none 4.7%, unspecified 2.7% (2010 est.)

Literacy(%):0.935

Literacy(%) Male:0.948

Literacy(%) Female:92.3% (2011 est.)

Independence Day:16 September 1810 (declared); 27 September 1821 (recognized by Spain)

National Holiday:Independence Day, 16 September (1810)

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