Flag Description

three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and light blue; similar to the flag of the Netherlands, which uses a darker blue and is shorter; the coloring is derived from the Grand Duke's coat of arms (a red lion on a white and blue striped field)

Background:Founded in 963, Luxembourg became a grand duchy in 1815 and an independent state under the Netherlands. It lost more than half of its territory to Belgium in 1839 but gained a larger measure of autonomy. Full independence was attained in 1867. Overrun by Germany in both world wars, it ended its neutrality in 1948 when it entered into the Benelux Customs Union and when it joined NATO the following year. In 1957, Luxembourg became one of the six founding countries of the European Economic Community (later the European Union), and in 1999 it joined the euro currency area. In January 2013, Luxembourg assumed a nonpermanent seat on the UN Security Council for the 2013-14 term.

Total Area: 2,586 sq km

Land Area:2,586 sq km

Water Area:0 sq km

Land Boundries Total:327 km

Border Countries:Belgium 130 km, France 69 km, Germany 128 km

Coastline:0 km (landlocked)

Lowest Point:Moselle River 133 m

Highest Point:Buurgplaatz 559 m

Population:520,672 (July 2014 est.)

Population Growth Rate:1.12% (2014 est.)

Religion:Roman Catholic 87%, other (includes Protestant, Jewish, and Muslim) 13% (2000)

Literacy(%):1

Literacy(%) Male:1

Literacy(%) Female:100% (2000 est.)

Independence Day:1839 (from the Netherlands)

National Holiday:National Day (birthday of Grand Duchess Charlotte) 23 June; note - the actual date of birth was 23 January 1896, but the festivities were shifted by five months to allow observance during a more favorable time of year

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