Flag Description

three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), black, and white; various interpretations are linked to the flag colors; blue represents faith, loyalty, and devotion, while also reminiscent of the sky, sea, and lakes of the country; black symbolizes the soil of the country and the dark past and suffering endured by the Estonian people; white refers to the striving towards enlightenment and virtue, and is the color of birch bark and snow, as well as summer nights illuminated by the midnight sun

Background:After centuries of Danish, Swedish, German, and Russian rule, Estonia attained independence in 1918. Forcibly incorporated into the USSR in 1940 - an action never recognized by the US - it regained its freedom in 1991 with the collapse of the Soviet Union. Since the last Russian troops left in 1994, Estonia has been free to promote economic and political ties with the West. It joined both NATO and the EU in the spring of 2004, formally joined the OECD in late 2010, and adopted the euro as its official currency on 1 January 2011.

Total Area: 45,228 sq km

Land Area:42,388 sq km

Water Area:2,840 sq km

Land Boundries Total:657 km

Border Countries:Latvia 333 km, Russia 324 km

Coastline:3,794 km

Lowest Point:Baltic Sea 0 m

Highest Point:Suur Munamagi 318 m

Population:1,257,921 (July 2014 est.)

Population Growth Rate:-0.68% (2014 est.)

Religion:Lutheran 9.9%, Orthodox 16.2%, other Christian (including Methodist, Seventh-Day Adventist, Roman Catholic, Pentecostal) 2.2%, other 0.9%, none 54.1%, unspecified 16.7% (2011 est.)

Literacy(%):0.998

Literacy(%) Male:0.998

Literacy(%) Female:99.8% (2011 est.)

Independence Day:20 August 1991 (declared); 6 September 1991 (recognized by the Soviet Union)

National Holiday:Independence Day, 24 February (1918); note - 24 February 1918 was the date Estonia declared its independence from Soviet Russia and established its statehood; 20 August 1991 was the date it declared its independence from the Soviet Union

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