Flag Description

three horizontal bands of yellow (top, double width), blue, and red with the coat of arms superimposed at the center of the flag; the flag retains the three main colors of the banner of Gran Columbia, the South American republic that broke up in 1830; the yellow color represents sunshine, grain, and mineral wealth, blue the sky, sea, and rivers, and red the blood of patriots spilled in the struggle for freedom and justice

Background:What is now Ecuador formed part of the northern Inca Empire until the Spanish conquest in 1533. Quito became a seat of Spanish colonial government in 1563 and part of the Viceroyalty of New Granada in 1717. The territories of the Viceroyalty - New Granada (Colombia), Venezuela, and Quito - gained their independence between 1819 and 1822 and formed a federation known as Gran Colombia. When Quito withdrew in 1830, the traditional name was changed in favor of the "Republic of the Equator." Between 1904 and 1942, Ecuador lost territories in a series of conflicts with its neighbors. A border war with Peru that flared in 1995 was resolved in 1999. Although Ecuador marked 30 years of civilian governance in 2004, the period was marred by political instability. Protests in Quito contributed to the mid-term ouster of three of Ecuador's last four democratically elected presidents. In late 2008, voters approved a new constitution, Ecuador's 20th since gaining independence. General elections were held in February 2013, and voters re-elected President Rafael CORREA.

Total Area: 283,561 sq km

Land Area:276,841 sq km

Water Area:6,720 sq km

Land Boundries Total:2,237 km

Border Countries:Colombia 708 km, Peru 1,529 km

Coastline:2,237 km

Lowest Point:Pacific Ocean 0 m

Highest Point:Chimborazo 6,267 m

Population:15,654,411 (July 2014 est.)

Population Growth Rate:1.37% (2014 est.)

Religion:Roman Catholic 95%, other 5%

Literacy(%):0.916

Literacy(%) Male:0.931

Literacy(%) Female:90.2% (2011 est.)

Independence Day:24 May 1822 (from Spain)

National Holiday:Independence Day (independence of Quito), 10 August (1809)

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