Flag Description

three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), red, and yellow, with a yellow five-pointed star centered in the red band; the vertical tricolor recalls the flag of France; red symbolizes unity, yellow the sun, happiness, and the savannahs in the north, and green hope and the forests in the south; the star is referred to as the "star of unity"

Background:French Cameroon became independent in 1960 as the Republic of Cameroon. The following year the southern portion of neighboring British Cameroon voted to merge with the new country to form the Federal Republic of Cameroon. In 1972, a new constitution replaced the federation with a unitary state, the United Republic of Cameroon. The country has generally enjoyed stability, which has permitted the development of agriculture, roads, and railways, as well as a petroleum industry. Despite slow movement toward democratic reform, political power remains firmly in the hands of President Paul BIYA.

Total Area: 475,440 sq km

Land Area:472,710 sq km

Water Area:2,730 sq km

Land Boundries Total:5,018 km

Border Countries:Central African Republic 901 km, Chad 1,116 km, Republic of the Congo 494 km, Equatorial Guinea 183 km, Gabon 349 km, Nigeria 1,975 km

Coastline:402 km

Lowest Point:Atlantic Ocean 0 m

Highest Point:Fako 4,095 m (on Mt. Cameroon)

Population:23130708

Population Growth Rate:2.6% (2014 est.)

Religion:indigenous beliefs 40%, Christian 40%, Muslim 20%

Literacy(%):0.713

Literacy(%) Male:0.783

Literacy(%) Female:64.8% (2010 est.)

Independence Day:1 January 1960 (from French-administered UN trusteeship)

National Holiday:Republic Day (National Day), 20 May (1972)

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