Flag Description

divided by a white diagonal cross into red panels (top and bottom) and green panels (hoist side and fly side) with a white disk superimposed at the center bearing three red six-pointed stars outlined in green arranged in a triangular design (one star above, two stars below); green symbolizes hope and optimism, white purity and peace, and red the blood shed in the struggle for independence; the three stars in the disk represent the three major ethnic groups: Hutu, Twa, Tutsi, as well as the three elements in the national motto: unity, work, progress

Background:Burundi's first democratically elected president was assassinated in October 1993 after only 100 days in office, triggering widespread ethnic violence between Hutu and Tutsi factions. More than 200,000 Burundians perished during the conflict that spanned almost a dozen years. Hundreds of thousands of Burundians were internally displaced or became refugees in neighboring countries. An internationally brokered power-sharing agreement between the Tutsi-dominated government and the Hutu rebels in 2003 paved the way for a transition process that led to an integrated defense force, established a new constitution in 2005, and elected a majority Hutu government in 2005. The government of President Pierre NKURUNZIZA, who was reelected in 2010, continues to face many political and economic challenges.

Total Area: 27,830 sq km

Land Area:25,680 sq km

Water Area:2,150 sq km

Land Boundries Total:1,140 km

Border Countries:Democratic Republic of the Congo 236 km, Rwanda 315 km, Tanzania 589 km

Coastline:0 km (landlocked)

Lowest Point:Lake Tanganyika 772 m

Highest Point:Heha 2,670 m

Population:10395931

Population Growth Rate:3.28% (2014 est.)

Religion:Catholic 62.1%, Protestant 23.9% (includes Adventist 2.3% and other Protestant 21.6%), Muslim 2.5%, other 3.6%, unspecified 7.9% (2008 est.)

Literacy(%):0.672

Literacy(%) Male:0.729

Literacy(%) Female:61.8% (2010 est.)

Independence Day:1 July 1962 (from UN trusteeship under Belgian administration)

National Holiday:Independence Day, 1 July (1962)

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